In Chinese culture, the moth has long been seen as a symbol of transformation and perseverance. Unlike other insects that represent luck and fortune, the moth is a symbol that represents the cycle of life and the constant state of change that it entails.
what is a moth?
An insect called a moth is a member of the Lepidoptera order, which also includes butterflies. Moths are distinguished by their antennae, which resemble feathers and are used to detect pheromones and find partners. They have two sets of scale-covered wings, which are what gives them their distinctive patterns and hues. Moths range in size from little species with a few millimetres in length to bigger species with wingspans of over a foot. Moths serve a vital role in many ecosystems as pollinators and as a food source for other creatures. They can be found in almost every habitat on Earth, from deserts to rainforests.
types of moths in China
China is home to a diverse range of moth species, with over 12,000 species recorded in the country. Here are a few examples of the types of moths that can be found in China:
Emperor moth (Saturnia pavonia): This large, colorful moth is found throughout China and is known for its striking, eye-like markings on its wings.
Atlas moth (Attacus atlas): One of the largest moth species in the world, the Atlas moth can have a wingspan of up to 25 centimeters. It is found in southern China and is known for its distinctive, snake-like appearance.
Bamboo moth (Leucanopsis sp.): This moth is found in bamboo forests throughout China and is known for its large, white wings with black spots.
Chinese oak silk moth (Antheraea pernyi): This moth is known for its silk production and is found in eastern China. The caterpillars of this species are often used in traditional Chinese medicine.
White-lined sphinx moth (Hyles lineata): Although not native to China, this moth has become established in the country and is now found in many regions. It is known for its long, narrow wings and distinctive white stripe on its body.
These are just a few examples of the many types of moths that can be found in China. Moths play an important role in many ecosystems and are a fascinating and diverse group of insects.
moth in Chinese history
Moths have played a significant role in Chinese history and culture, dating back thousands of years. In ancient China, moths were often associated with immortality and spiritual transformation, and were frequently featured in artwork and literature.
One of the earliest references to the symbolic significance of the moth can be found in the Daoist classic “Zhuangzi” (4th century BCE). In this text, the moth is used as a metaphor for the human soul’s journey towards enlightenment and transformation.
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE), moths became a popular subject for poets and artists. The famous Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai wrote a poem titled “The Moth’s Complaint”, in which a moth laments its inability to reach the moon, which it sees as a symbol of enlightenment.
In traditional Chinese medicine, moths have been used for their medicinal properties for centuries. The Chinese oak silk moth (Antheraea pernyi) was used in the treatment of various ailments, including asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular disease.
Moths also played a role in the development of Chinese silk production. The Chinese oak silk moth is one of the primary species used in silk production, and its silk was highly prized for its quality and durability.
In Chinese folklore, moths are sometimes associated with death and the afterlife. In some regions of China, it is believed that moths are the souls of deceased loved ones, visiting the living to bring them comfort and guidance.
moth in Chinese culture
Moths have a rich cultural significance in China, dating back thousands of years. Here are some of the ways in which moths feature in Chinese culture:
Symbol of Transformation: Moths are seen as a symbol of transformation, representing the idea that a person’s soul can be transformed into something beautiful through self-cultivation and enlightenment. In ancient Chinese Daoist philosophy, the moth was often used as a metaphor for the human soul’s journey towards enlightenment.
Beauty and Aesthetics: The beauty of moths has been a source of inspiration for Chinese artists and poets for centuries. The curved antennae of the moth have even influenced traditional Chinese aesthetics, with the term “moth eyebrows” used to describe the delicate, curved eyebrows of beautiful women.
Silk Production: Moths have played a significant role in the production of silk in China, with the Chinese oak silk moth being one of the primary species used in silk production. Silk has been a vital part of China’s economy for centuries and is also a significant cultural symbol.
Symbol of Death and Rebirth: In some regions of China, moths are seen as a symbol of death and rebirth, with the belief that they are the souls of deceased loved ones visiting the living. This belief has been depicted in Chinese literature and art.
Medicinal Properties: Moths have also been used for their medicinal properties in traditional Chinese medicine, with the Chinese oak silk moth being used to treat various ailments, including asthma and cardiovascular disease.
Overall, moths have had a significant impact on Chinese culture, serving as symbols of transformation, beauty, silk production, death and rebirth, and medicinal value.
Chinese luna moth meaning
While the interpretation of the Luna Moth may vary depending on the culture and beliefs, the symbolism you have mentioned is also commonly associated with the Luna Moth in Chinese culture. The moth’s appearance, with its crescent-shaped markings resembling the Chinese character for longevity, is often associated with new beginnings, as well as wisdom, intuition, and heightened awareness. It is believed that encountering a Luna Moth may signify a time for introspection and seeking knowledge, as well as an opportunity for growth and personal transformation.
moth superstition meaning
Moth superstitions and beliefs vary widely across cultures and regions, but many are associated with notions of death, danger, or misfortune. Here are some common moth superstitions and their meanings:
Moths in the house at night are considered to be a sign of death. This belief is especially common in many cultures in Europe and Asia.
Moths flying near a person’s head is often seen as a warning of impending danger or a bad omen.
Killing a moth is believed to bring bad luck or even death in some cultures.
In some traditions, moths are seen as a symbol of the soul of the dead returning to visit the living.
Conversely, some cultures believe that seeing a white moth is a sign of good luck, or even an angelic presence.
symbol of moths at Chinese funerals
Moths are commonly seen at Chinese funerals and are believed to have a symbolic meaning. In Chinese culture, moths are associated with the idea of rebirth or transformation, which is closely linked to the belief in the afterlife. It is believed that the soul of the deceased is transformed into a moth or butterfly and takes flight towards the afterlife.
During Chinese funerals, it is common to see moths fluttering around the funeral procession or gathering. Some people believe that these moths are the souls of the departed, visiting their loved ones for one last time. Others see them as a symbol of hope and new beginnings, signifying that the departed soul has been transformed and is on its way to a new life.
However, it is worth noting that these beliefs and practices may vary depending on the region, family traditions, and personal beliefs. While some people may view moths as a comforting symbol of the afterlife, others may not hold any particular beliefs about their presence at funerals.
moth in feng shui
In Feng Shui, moths are not generally considered to be symbols of good luck or positive energy. Moths are often associated with darkness, destruction, and decay, so they are not typically used as a positive Feng Shui symbol.
However, it’s important to note that Feng Shui is a complex system of beliefs and practices that takes into account various factors, including the specific culture and traditions of the people practicing it. In some cultures, moths may have different meanings and associations.
If you have a specific question or concern related to moths and Feng Shui, please let me know and I’ll do my best to assist you further.
moth in Yin and Yang
In the philosophy of Yin and Yang, moths can be seen as a representation of the Yin energy. Yin is the feminine, receptive, and passive energy, and is associated with darkness, coolness, and moisture. Moths are creatures of the night and are typically attracted to dark places, making them a symbol of Yin energy.
However, it’s important to note that in the philosophy of Yin and Yang, there is a balance between the Yin and Yang energies, and neither one is inherently good or bad. Both energies are necessary for the natural balance of the universe. So, while moths may be associated with Yin energy, they are not necessarily considered negative or harmful.
Ultimately, the interpretation of moths in Yin and Yang philosophy can vary depending on the specific context and beliefs of the individual or culture.
moth in Chinese new year
In Chinese culture, moths are sometimes associated with the celebration of the Lunar New Year. During the Spring Festival, which is the most important traditional festival in China, people often decorate their homes with red lanterns, couplets, and other festive items. Some people also incorporate moth-related decorations into their Lunar New Year celebrations.
During ancient times, Chinese people would wear head ornaments related to moths during the Spring Festival. Moths are lively creatures, and so from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival, people would wear hairpins and other ornaments with moth-related designs. This practice evolved into various insect-related head ornaments collectively known as “Nao Er” (闹蛾儿).”
The reason why moths are sometimes used as a symbol of Lunar New Year is that they are considered to be a symbol of good luck and fortune in some parts of China. In some Chinese dialects, the word for moth sounds similar to the word for “to come”, which is a homophone for the word “arrive”. As a result, moths have come to be associated with the idea of good things arriving or good fortune coming in the new year.
Some people may wear clothing or accessories with moth designs during the Lunar New Year, and there are also various traditional folktales and stories that feature moths and their association with good fortune.
moth in the five elements
In traditional Chinese culture, the concept of Five Elements is used to describe the interactions and relationships between different natural phenomena, including animals, plants, and even seasons. The Five Elements are Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water, and each element is associated with certain qualities, characteristics, and symbolic meanings.
Moths are not directly associated with any of the Five Elements, but they are often considered to have qualities that align with the Wood and Fire elements. Wood is associated with growth, vitality, and flexibility, while Fire is associated with passion, energy, and transformation.
In Chinese symbolism, moths are often seen as creatures of transformation and rebirth. They are also associated with the idea of light and illumination, which is a key aspect of the Fire element. Additionally, some species of moths are associated with woodlands and forests, which are linked to the Wood element.
Overall, while moths are not specifically linked to any one of the Five Elements in Chinese culture, they are often associated with qualities and characteristics that align with the Wood and Fire elements.
moth in Chinese medicine
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), moths are not commonly used as a medicinal ingredient, but some parts of the moth, such as the silk cocoon, have been used for their healing properties.
Silk moth cocoon, also known as “Jie Chong” in Chinese, has been used in TCM for centuries. It is believed to have a cooling effect and is often used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and pruritus. The cocoon is also thought to have antimicrobial properties and is used to help heal wounds and prevent infection.
In addition to the cocoon, other parts of the moth, such as the wings and larvae, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a variety of purposes. For example, the wings are sometimes used to treat fever, and the larvae are believed to have anti-inflammatory properties.
Overall, while moths are not a commonly used ingredient in TCM, some parts of the moth, particularly the silk cocoon, have been used for their medicinal properties for centuries. As with any medicinal ingredient, it is important to consult a licensed TCM practitioner before using any moth-derived products for medicinal purposes.
moth in Taoism
In Taoism, moths are often associated with transformation and the cyclical nature of life. The Taoist philosophy emphasizes the importance of embracing change and the impermanence of all things, and moths symbolize this principle through their life cycle of metamorphosis.
The transformation of a moth from a caterpillar to a cocoon to a winged adult is seen as a metaphor for the journey of the Taoist practitioner seeking enlightenment and spiritual growth. The moth’s journey from one stage of life to another represents the constant process of change and growth in the universe, and the eventual return to the source from which it came.
In addition to their association with transformation and growth, moths are also sometimes seen as messengers in Taoism. In Taoist mythology, moths are said to be able to travel between the realms of the living and the dead, carrying messages between the two worlds.
Overall, in Taoism, moths symbolize transformation, growth, and the cyclical nature of life, and are seen as a reminder of the impermanence of all things.
moth in Confucianism
In Confucianism, moths are not a major symbol or theme, but they are occasionally mentioned in Confucian texts and literature.
One example of moths in Confucianism can be found in the Analects, a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius. In one passage, Confucius observes a moth flying towards a flame and comments on its lack of judgment, saying, “The moth flies into the flame without knowing it will get burned; the fish swallows the bait without realizing it will get hooked. So, too, people do things without seeing the danger involved.”
This passage reflects Confucian values of caution, prudence, and foresight. Confucius believed that individuals should carefully consider the consequences of their actions and avoid impulsive or thoughtless behavior, much like the moth should avoid flying towards the flame.
In Chinese literature and poetry, moths are also occasionally used as a metaphor for human behavior. For example, the famous Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai wrote a poem called “The Moth,” in which he compares the moth’s attraction to the flame to a person’s attraction to beauty and desire. The poem suggests that, like the moth, humans can be drawn to things that are ultimately destructive or harmful.
Overall, while moths are not a central symbol in Confucianism, they do appear in some Confucian texts and literature as a metaphor for human behavior and values.
moth in Buddhism
In Buddhism, the moth is not a central symbol, but it is occasionally mentioned in Buddhist texts and used in Buddhist teachings.
One example of moths in Buddhism can be found in the Jataka Tales, a collection of stories about the Buddha’s past lives. In one story, the Buddha is reborn as a moth and teaches a lesson about the dangers of attachment and desire. The moth is attracted to a beautiful flower and becomes trapped in its beauty, unable to leave even though it knows it will be harmed. The story teaches that attachment to worldly desires can be harmful and that true liberation comes from letting go of attachment.
In addition to this story, moths are also sometimes used in Buddhist art and symbolism. For example, the Lotus Sutra, an important Buddhist text, mentions the “moth of birth and death” as a metaphor for the cycle of rebirth and suffering. In Buddhist art, moths can be depicted alongside other insects, such as bees and butterflies, as symbols of the transitory and impermanent nature of life.
Overall, while moths are not a major symbol in Buddhism, they are occasionally used in Buddhist teachings and art to illustrate important Buddhist concepts such as attachment, desire, and the impermanence of life.
moth and silk
Moths are known for their ability to produce silk through their cocoons. Silk is a natural protein fiber that is produced by the larvae of moths and other insects. The silk produced by the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, is the most commonly used type of silk in textile production. Moth silk has many desirable properties, including its strength, durability, and softness. It is used in a variety of applications, from clothing to medical sutures. However, the production of silk can also have negative impacts on the environment, such as the use of pesticides and water-intensive production methods.
飞蛾扑火(fēi é pū huǒ)
“Fly into the flame like a moth” is a Chinese idiom from the Book of Liang, which means to seek one’s own destruction by blindly pursuing something. The structure of this idiom is verb-object, which can function as a predicate, adverbial or attributive in a sentence and has a negative connotation.
People pursue fame and fortune, just like moths flying into flames. While people laugh at the foolishness of moths, those who pursue fame and fortune to the point of ruin are even more ridiculous. In pursuit of fame and fortune, people exhaust themselves mentally, physically, and emotionally. They plan, work hard, and rush around, not realizing that pursuing empty fame is a major weakness that harms themselves and others. People should laugh at the pursuit of empty fame and pursue their career without being burdened by the desire for fame and fortune.
Eyebrows and moth
“Eyebrows like moth antennae” is a metaphorical phrase used to describe a woman’s beautiful eyebrows, derived from the slender and curved feelers of silk moths. It can also be used as a reference to a woman’s overall beauty. In addition, it can refer to a beautiful woman herself, the crescent moon resembling a curved moth antenna, distant mountains, or flying moths.
As for “Crescent Moon with Eyebrow-like Curve”, it refers to a lunar phase at the beginning or end of the lunar month, where the illuminated portion of the moon resembles the curved shape of a moth’s antenna. This is a poetic and metaphorical way to describe the beauty of the crescent moon’s curved shape.
moth in patterns
Moths are a popular motif in many patterns and designs, particularly in fashion and textiles. They can be seen in a variety of styles and contexts, from realistic depictions to more abstract or stylized interpretations.
One common design motif is the use of moth wings, either as a repeated pattern or as a single graphic element. Moth wings can be stylized in a variety of ways, from simple silhouettes to intricate, detailed designs that emphasize the natural patterns and colors of the wings.
Moths are also often depicted alongside other natural motifs, such as flowers, leaves, and other insects. This can create a harmonious and balanced design that incorporates multiple elements of the natural world.
In addition to their use in fashion and textiles, moth patterns can also be seen in other decorative arts, such as ceramics, wallpaper, and home decor. They are often used to create a sense of natural beauty and tranquility, bringing a touch of the outdoors into interior spaces.
Overall, moth patterns can be found in a wide variety of contexts and styles, from realistic to abstract, and are a popular choice for designers looking to incorporate elements of the natural world into their work.
moth in house meaning Chinese
- Moths are actually insects that are attracted to light, and many of us have heard of the saying “like a moth to a flame”. They are not actually attracted to fire, but rather to light. In our homes, especially at night, there are usually light sources that can easily attract moths. When this happens, we can simply cover the light source with paper, which is both aesthetically pleasing and solves the problem. Another reason moths may enter our homes is because there are pests in some items, such as rice or clothing, which may have been forgotten to be treated with mothballs. Having plants in the house can also attract moths if there are insect eggs on them or if the house is not clean.
- Moths in the home may be due to the presence of flowers and plants in the surrounding area. These areas are more prone to insect eggs, and if it is the season when moths lay eggs, then having the lights on in the house can attract many moths. Therefore, it is important to check if this is the reason.
- Moths in the home can also be due to insect eggs in food items, such as grains. This is mainly caused by expired or spoiled food, so when this is discovered, it is important to quickly dispose of the expired or spoiled food and to store new food in sealed containers to prevent moth infestations.
- During summer, when mosquitoes are abundant, moths may enter the home through slightly open doors and windows. This is a natural phenomenon and there is no need to worry. At most, pests may infest food items, so it is important to keep the house clean. However, during winter, when it is not the season for mosquitoes, moths in the home may be a cause for concern, as it may indicate a negative omen.
- When moths enter the home, it is best to simply shoo them away rather than kill them. Moths serve as a warning sign and their presence does not necessarily bring bad luck. If moths are killed, the house will be left without a warning system and bad luck may come without being noticed. From a practical perspective, moths carry a lot of bacteria, and killing them may spread the bacteria and increase the risk of disease.
- Moths entering the home is not a good sign for overall financial luck. If moths enter the home at a time when insects are not usually present, it is an indication that financial pressure will be high during this period. This includes a difficult time making money and high expenses, and even small economic changes may be difficult to handle. Therefore, it is recommended that when moths enter the home, the homeowner should act discreetly.
- The appearance of a moth in one’s home may indicate potential problems in one’s love life. There’s a saying that goes “invite bees and butterflies,” although a moth is not a butterfly, it brings similar negative connotations for one’s love luck. Even if the homeowner is single, the moth’s appearance may lead to unwanted attention from the opposite sex. If the homeowner is married, the moth’s appearance represents a negative influence on the marriage, and mishandling it may lead to marital breakdown.
moth dream meaning
- Dreaming of a moth: a sign of profit, property ownership, and a smooth and comfortable life.
- If you dream of a moth, when you speak today, you hope to gain recognition from others. There will be a tendency to cater to others. By being more certain in your tone and viewpoint, you can gain more agreement.
- For business people dreaming of moths, there will be smooth sailing, great fortune, and a need to avoid disputes.
- For those in a relationship dreaming of moths, after many trials and tribulations, marriage is expected.
- For people in their own zodiac year, dreaming of moths, although there may be obstacles and difficulties in luck, eventually there will be good fortune and profits.
- For pregnant women dreaming of moths, it means having a daughter, and giving birth to a son in winter.
- Dreaming of a silkworm coming out of its cocoon means that the dreamer will become rich.
- Dreaming of a silkworm flying by a lamp indicates that the dreamer will defeat their opponent.
- Dreaming of killing a moth means that the dreamer will be tormented by worries.
- Dreaming of a moth flying into fire means that friends will go through fire and water to help the dreamer through difficult times.
- Dreaming of a moth being eaten by a lizard or bird means that worrying matters will soon pass, and everything can start anew.
- Dreaming of a moth falling into milk means that business failure will lead to despair. The dreamer should be prepared in advance and look for new opportunities to start again.
- Dreaming of a moth flying towards oneself, regarding the outlook for work, career, or social status, the dreamer has expectations for themselves but faces great pressure and challenges from family and the outside world. It is best to try to understand the overall situation with a new perspective and use wisdom to deal with the chaos that arises in work and life.
moth vs silkworm
Moths and silkworms have both played significant roles in Chinese culture. Here are some ways in which they differ in their cultural significance:
Silk Production: Silkworms are primarily known in China for their role in silk production. The process of raising silkworms and harvesting their silk has been an essential part of Chinese culture for thousands of years. The silk produced by silkworms is highly valued for its beauty, softness, and durability.
Symbol of Hard Work: Silkworms are also seen as a symbol of hard work and perseverance in Chinese culture. The labor-intensive process of silk production requires a great deal of effort and dedication, and silkworms are admired for their ability to tirelessly spin their cocoons.
Food: In some parts of China, silkworms are also eaten as a source of protein. The tradition of eating silkworms dates back to ancient times and is still practiced in some regions today.
Transformation: While moths are also a symbol of transformation in Chinese culture, their transformation is seen as more spiritual and metaphysical than the physical transformation of the silkworm into a moth. Moths represent the transformation of the soul and the journey towards enlightenment.
Death and Rebirth: Moths are also associated with death and rebirth in some regions of China, while silkworms are not. In these beliefs, moths are seen as the souls of deceased loved ones, while silkworms are associated with growth and transformation.
In summary, while both moths and silkworms have played important roles in Chinese culture, they are associated with different symbolic meanings and cultural practices. Silkworms are primarily associated with silk production and hard work, while moths are more closely associated with spiritual transformation and death and rebirth.
moth vs butterfly
In Chinese culture, moths and butterflies are often associated with each other and are sometimes used interchangeably. However, there are also some distinct differences in their symbolism:
Yin and Yang: In Chinese philosophy, butterflies are associated with yang energy, representing the sunny and bright aspects of life, while moths are associated with yin energy, representing the shadowy and mysterious aspects of life.
Transformation: Both moths and butterflies are seen as symbols of transformation and metamorphosis, representing the idea of change and growth. However, butterflies are often associated with more positive transformations, such as personal growth and enlightenment, while moths can represent darker transformations, such as the process of decay and death.
Beauty and Aesthetics: Butterflies are often seen as more beautiful and aesthetically pleasing than moths, with their bright colors and delicate wings. In Chinese art and literature, butterflies are often used to symbolize feminine beauty and grace.
Cultural Significance: Butterflies have been significant in Chinese culture for thousands of years, representing love, marriage, and the soul. In contrast, moths have had a more varied cultural significance, as discussed earlier.
Overall, while there are some similarities in the symbolism of moths and butterflies in Chinese culture, they also have distinct differences in their associations with yin and yang energy, transformation, beauty and aesthetics, and cultural significance.
moth vs cicada
In Chinese culture, moths and cicadas are both symbolic insects that have different meanings and connotations.
Moths are often associated with transformation, beauty, and rebirth. They are seen as a symbol of the soul’s journey towards enlightenment and spiritual growth, as well as the delicate and ephemeral nature of beauty.
On the other hand, cicadas are commonly associated with the themes of immortality and resurrection, as they have a long life cycle that involves emerging from the ground after many years of living underground. Cicadas are also associated with the arrival of summer and the hot, humid weather that characterizes this season.
In some Chinese traditions, cicadas are believed to be able to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck and fortune. They are also associated with the idea of “rebirth” and renewal, as they emerge from the ground after many years to begin a new phase of their life cycle.
Overall, while both moths and cicadas have important cultural significance in Chinese culture, they represent different themes and ideas, with moths being associated with transformation and beauty, and cicadas being associated with immortality and renewal.
moth vs bat
Moths and bats have contrasting cultural significance in Chinese culture. While moths are often associated with beauty, transformation, and spirituality, bats are often associated with luck, fortune, and happiness.
Bats, or 蝙蝠 (biān fú) in Chinese, are considered lucky animals because their name sounds similar to the Chinese word for good fortune (福, fú). They are often depicted in Chinese art as symbols of prosperity, happiness, and longevity. In ancient Chinese culture, bats were believed to have the power to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck to the household. As a result, images of bats can often be found on traditional Chinese household decorations such as pottery, textiles, and door hangings.
On the other hand, moths are associated with a more spiritual and transformative significance in Chinese culture, as mentioned earlier. While they are often admired for their beauty, they are also seen as symbols of the soul’s journey towards enlightenment and transformation. In Chinese art, moths are often depicted with flowers or in natural settings, representing the beauty and harmony of nature.
Overall, while both bats and moths have significant cultural significance in China, they represent very different concepts and meanings.
Despite this negative association, the moth remains a powerful symbol in Chinese culture, representing transformation, perseverance, and the search for knowledge and enlightenment. Its significance can be seen in a variety of artistic and literary works, as well as in the everyday language and symbolism of Chinese culture.
Hello, I have been unable to find The Moth’s Complaint poem by Li Bai that is mentioned here. Are you sure it is by Li Bai? If so, are you able to provide a link or website I may find this poem? Thank you
The Qin waters part at the base of the hill,
Melancholy sounds echo softly and still.
The horses of the nomads turn to face the northern snow,
With proud neighs and steps, they come and go.
Moved by the sights, my heart stirs within,
Reflecting on emotions, memories begin.
Once, I watched the autumn moth take flight,
Now, I witness the spring silkworm’s delicate might.
The mulberry and elm leaves sway so fine,
The willow branches weep, their beauty enshrined.
Time rushes like a current, never to cease,
My restless heart is stirred, a banner in the breeze.
I wipe away tears, yet they return,
When will this sorrowful longing ever adjourn?